भाषा की लघुतम इकाई ‘वर्ण’ है।

varn pary kahate hain?

is lekh mein varn ko kahate hain, paribhaasha, antar aur udaaharan aadi ka vistaar se jaanakaaree upalabdh hai. yah lekh sabhee star ke chhaatron ke lie upayogee hai. varn se sambandhit prashn vidyaalay, vishvavidyaalay aur pratiyogee pareekshaon mein poochhe jaate hain. jahaan chhaatr in savaalon ke uttar dene mein asamarth hote hain.

is aasha ke saath ki aapako yah lekh padhane ke baad varn se sambandhit sabhee prashnon ke hal yahaan mil jaega yah lekh likh rahe hain. aasha karate hain yah lekh aapake gyaan ka vardhan karega.

वर्ण किसे कहते हैं

maanav dvaara prakat kee gaee saarthak va saarthak dhvani ko bhaasha kee sangya dee jaatee hai. is bhaasha ko kuchh bhaashaon dvaara likhit bhaasha mein sanshodhit kiya jaata hai. usee prateek ko varn kaha jaata hai. saadhaaran arthon mein samajhe to bhaasha kee sabase laghutam ikaee varn hai.

varn bhaasha kee sabase chhotee ikaee hotee hai is ke tukadon nahin kie ja sakate hain jaise – e– क् ,प्  , ख् , च ,आदि

वर्णमाला (Alphabet )

kisee bhaasha ke dhvanibhaashaon ke vyavasthit samooh ko varnamaala kahate hain. hindee bhaasha kee varnamaala mein 47 varn maane gae hain. jisamen 10 phorm aur 35 vyanjan hain. lekhan ke aadhaar par 52 prakaar ke varn maane gae hain. 13 svar, 35 vyanjan aur 4 sanyukt vyanjan hai.

वर्ण के भेद

varn ke mukhy to do bhed maane gae hain – 1 svar, 2 vyanjan.

1 svar – vah varn jinake uchchaaran ke lie kisee any varnon kee sahaayata nahin padatee unhen varn kahate hain. hindee varnamaala ke anusaar svar kee sankhya 13 hai.

hrasv svar – jin svaron ke uchchaaran mein bahut kam samay lagata hai use har svarg kahate hain jaise – अ ,इ ,उ ,।

deergh svar – jin svaron ke uchchaaran mein hrasv va svar se dugana samay ya adhik samay lagata hai use use svar roop kahate hain jaise -आ , ई ,ऊ ,ऋ ,लृ ,ए ,ऐ ,ओ ,औ।

ploot svar – is svar ke uchchaaran mein hrasv svar se teen guna samay lagata hai. isalie isake aage teen ka ank likh diya jaata hai jaise – – ओउम्।

2 vyanjan – jin varnon ke uchchaaran mein svaron kee sahaayata lee jaatee hai unhen vyanjan kahate hain. vyanjan ka uchchaaran bina svar ke sambhav nahin hai. unaka uchchaaran mein mukhy se nikalane vaalee vaayu mein rukaavat hotee hai.

व्यंजन के भेद

sparsh vyanjan – vyanjan ka ’se lekar – ma’ tak ke varn sparsh vyanjan kahe jaate hain. sabhee sparsh vyanjan paanch vargon ke antargat vibhaajit hain. pratyek varg ka naam pahale varn ke aadhaar par rakha jaata hai.

1. क वर्ग – क , ख , ग , घ , ङ
2. च वर्ग – च , छ , ज , झ , ञ
3. ट वर्ग – ट , ठ ,ड़ ,ढ ण
4. त वर्ग – त ,थ , द , ध ,न
5. प वर्ग – प , फ ,ब ,भ ,म

ant: sth vyanjan – yah svar aur vyanjan ke madhy sthit hota hai isakee sankhya chaar maanee gaee hai. –  य ,र ,ल ,व्
ooshm vyanjan – isake uchchaaran mein munh se garm svaas nikalatee hai inakee sankhya chaar hai –  श , ष ,स ,ह।
utkshipt vyanjan – in varnon ke uchchaaran mein jeebh oopar uthakar jhatake ke saath neeche girata hai yah do maane gae hain – ड़ ,ढ।
3 sanyukt vyanjan –

• क् + ष = क्ष, – क्षत्रिय, क्षमा,
• त् + र = त्र, – त्रस्त, त्राण, त्रुटि
• ज् + ञ = ज्ञ, – ज्ञानी, यज्ञ, अज्ञान,
• श् + र = श्र – श्रीमान, श्रीमती, परिश्रम, श्री,

any mahatvapoorn jaanakaaree
jab kisee svar ka uchchaaran naasika aur mukh se kiya jaata hai to usake oopar chandr bindee lagaaya jaata hai.
anusvaar ka uchchaaran (n, m) ke samaan hota hai isaka prateek bindee aakaar hota hai jaise – mangal, jangal, hans aadi.
visarg (:) ka uchchaaran ho ke samaan hota hai jaise – atah, dukhah

varnon ke uchchaaran ka sthaan

varnon ke uchchaaran ke samay jeebh kee sthiti badalatee rahatee hai. pratyek varn ke uchchaaran mein jeebh kee sthiti mein parivartan hota rahata hai. in sthaanon ko ap lokeshan kahate hain.